Comparison Allegory of the Cave and the Myth of the Metals

Allegory to Myth In the Republic, Plato uses reason to model the ultimate form of civilization where everyone achieves his/her human potential. This should not be confused with individual equality, for Plato sees a harmonious and virtuous community where citizens are under a hierarchy and working together for the greater good of the state. The question, however, remains: How does one achieve Plato’s ideal state when there is evil and deception in the world? In answering this question, Plato puts forth two arguments: an allegory to describe the complexities and necessities of reality, and a royal lie to carry out the ideal form of civilization. In this paper, I argue Plato’s Allegory of the Cave justifies the need for a royal lie found in†¦show more content†¦Thus, what the philosopher knows cannot be transmitted to the cave dwellers in a simple manner. Since the cave dwellers neither see the way to a good life nor are capable of getting there, the philosopher m ust create a royal lie such as the Myth of the Metals to the communicate with the non-philosopher. In the Myth of the Metals, people are born with gold, silver, or bronze. These metals determine the role each individual will carry out in their state; gold being guardian or governing body, silver being auxiliary or soldier, and bronze being the working class. Because Plato believes everyone is different in nature, it serves as the justification for the Myth of the Metals where the essential parts of society are assigned to individuals at birth. By placing individuals to their highest natural aptitude (guardian, soldier, and worker) they are able to reach human potential and represent the ideal state. This, Plato suggests, is the philosopher’s best method of prescribing a common belief structure within the cave, and more importantly the royal lie to communicate with the non-philosopher. Although a royal lie may seem a true lie, what distinguishes them is that a true lie is meant to harm, while a royal lie is intended for the good of society. In comparison to a tyrantShow MoreRelatedThe Statement For The Politics Of Plato s Kallipolis2360 Words   |  10 PagesThe absence of reason is where persuasion is most powerful Question: The analogy Socrates and his companions make between the just city and the just person falls apart on close inspection. The commoners and auxiliaries are persuaded by the myth of the metals that the guardians are best suited to rule, but it s nonsensical to believe that spirit and appetite can be persuaded of anything. After all, they are merely constituent parts of the soul (the parts lacking a deliberative capacity). OnlyRead MorePlatos Republic3750 Words   |  15 PagesRulers = guardians. To ensure that no one argues who should rule, \socrates suggests telling citizens fixtions ... such as the myth of the metals. Says that all citizens of teh city were born out of earth, pursuades patriotic. Bodies filled with metals.. Rulers - gold, auxiliaries - silver, producers - bronze or iron. City cant be ruled wth somone mixed with wrong metal.. or city ruined. - Guardians all live together in housing from city - no wages and cannot hold private wealth or property - supported

Essay on Cold War Book Review - 670 Words

Political and economic perspectives should not dominate the analysis of communist rule. Analysis of the social aspects and results of communist rule are necessary to achieve a full understanding of the effects of such government. Slavenka Drakulic produced How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed, an appealing work with this fresh social approach. This nonfiction work combines the authoramp;#8217;s own recollections with the stories of other women of the Eastern Bloc. Drakulic, a renowned journalist and writer, utilizes her keen eye for detail and truth in this quest that shows how communism has devastating effects on the common citizen. She provides insight into the conditions of life for women within a communist system. Several†¦show more content†¦Her stories focus on one topic at a time and colorful descriptions fill the pages. For example, Drakulic describes the influence her new doll had on her childhood ideas of the status of women: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;amp;#8230;nobody told us why a doll (a girl, a woman) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;had to be pretty. We just knew it had to be nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;so. We painted their little lips and nails bright nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;red, and dressed them in tight sexy dresses, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;even if we didnamp;#8217;t know what it was all aboutamp;#8230; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sometimes I think that at that early age I nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;learned everything about my sex from theseShow MoreRelatedA Look at the Final Chapter of Timothy Glander’s Book, Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War: Educational Effects and C1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe final chapter of Timothy Glander’s book, Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War: Educational Effects and Contemporary Implications (2000) stands as a disappointing example of academic research becoming hijacked by the author’s personal opinion. Focusing on the hidden nature of propaganda in American life, his concluding chapter presents a very drastic view of the individuals who crafted the academic subject now known as mass communications. I see the need for investigatingRead MoreRemembering A Forgotten War By Donald R. Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesName Tutor Course Date Book review Remembering a Forgotten war by Donald R. Hickey 2012, an academic journal, talks about the military history where by people were subjected to a difficult and different lifestyle than the one they were used too at that time. The journal explains in details how James Madison and other citizens in the state experienced harsh situations brought upon them by the Republican repugnance which was fee payment. The residents had to pay some money like the infrastructure feeRead MoreThe Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesI chose The Cold War: A New History by John Lewis Gaddis for my book to review. I originally read parts of this book for History of the International System, but we did not read the entire book in class, only certain chapters. It’s been two years since I’ve picked up the book, and after reading about the Cold War in the context of U.S. foreign policy rather than simply an international history class, it seems like an entirely new book. I really like how the book into broken up into a series of themesRead MoreThe Foundation Of The U.s. National Security Policy1077 Words   |  5 Pagesafter the World War II, encouraging a restructure of the military through the National Security Act of 1947. The Department of War and the Department of Navy was unified into the National Military Establishment (NME), then renamed to Department of Defense with the purpose to have Army, Navy and Air Force into a unified structure. President Truman signed the National Security Act Amendment of 1949 in reflection to strategic changes to the Cold War facts. This paper explores the book review, performedRead MoreThe Contemporary Age Of A Novel Written By J. D. Salinger1177 Words   |  5 PagesThe Contemporary Age began in the mid 1940’s and is still continuing today. This age was different from the previous ages, but like all ages before it, it had its successes and problems. The Contemporary age has been characterized by wars or the threat of war. This left the American civilians feeling scared. This fear and the life of the American civilian during the Contemporary Age were captured in a novel written by J. D. Salinger. Jerome Davi d Salinger, prompted mainly by his desire to becomeRead MoreThe Sixth Decade By Jonathan Schell1071 Words   |  5 PagesGS 435 Book Review The Seventh Decade by Jonathan Schell By: Jordan Petruska Professor Tom Deligiannis Friday October 9, 2015 The nuclear bomb is an interesting phenomenon that has captured the fascination of scholars, academics, politicians, and the media to bring curiosity and fear together. The first and only use of nuclear weapons occurred in 1945 during the Second World War, wiping out over 200,000 Japanese civilians in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Nuclear bombs, were now viewed as the numberRead MoreProspectus Example1677 Words   |  7 Pages 2010 Introduction As a young child, I remember living in New York during the latter part of the Cold War years. In school, we had â€Å"bomb drills† in which time we got under our desks and took cover in case of a bomb or missile hitting the city. The apartment building that I lived in had a â€Å"fallout shelter† downstairs underneath the building to house survivors of nuclear war and spare them the effects of radioactivity. In my pre college studies, I didn’t learn much about the politicsRead MoreCold War in the Eyes of Ray Bradbury1689 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica (Waukegan, Illinois), wrote two very distinctly different novels in the early Cold War era. The first was The Martian Chronicles (1950) know for its â€Å"collection† of short stories that, by name, implies a broad historical rather than a primarily individual account and Fahrenheit 451 (1953), which centers on Guy Montag. The thematic similarities of Mars coupled with the state of the American mindset during the Cold War era entwine the two novels on the surface. Moreover, Bradbury was â€Å"preventing futures†Read MoreThe War Of The World War II1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent levels of the educational system most everyone has talked about the Second World War in great detail. The European and Pacific Theaters were the main focus of many historians and their writing, because war pertained to the audience of the time. WWII revolved around the i dea of freedom and liberating the fascist governments of Europe, the homefront back in the states was the war machine that kept the war churning. Millions of pages have been written about the experiences and battles during WWIIRead MoreReview Of The Better Angels Of Our Nature By Steven Pinker1262 Words   |  6 Pagescritique the different arguments for the decline in warfare since 1990. In the last decade, discussion of â€Å"the decline of war† has dramatically escalated. This essay evaluates and critiques three major arguments for the decline in warfare since 1990, examining the human nature approach of Steven Pinker, the shorter-term factors proposed by John Mueller and the alternative â€Å"New Wars† theory championed by Mary Kaldor. In combination, these approaches provide a general summary of the major strains of â€Å"declinist†

Why was Shepherd Wheel successfully built here Free Essays

Shepherd Wheel is a water powered grinding workshop located on the River Porter. The site is the earliest industrial building with records going back to the sixteenth century. The grinding workshop was powered by a waterwheel could once house up to ten men grinding blades at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Why was Shepherd Wheel successfully built here? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This particular workshop produced edge tools. The key to Shepherd Wheel successfully being built here was that it was built at the right place and at the right time. The workshop relied on local factors and national factors to be run successfully. There are a few local factors in the site itself, such as the River Porter. This river provided a fast, reliable water source from the Peak District. This meant that it was a good source of power all year round. A piece of evidence to prove that this river was a particular constant and reliable one was that it was popular for water wheel powered services because they are workshops built up and down the river. Another local factor to do with the site itself was the L – shaped valley. This made the land easier to build on and was a cheaper way of building because it didn’t require excess digging. The steep sides made the river flow faster and the millpond and dam fitted perfectly into the valley floor with no excess digging. A final factor about the site itself is that there is a residential area nearby; Ranmoor. This provided the workshop with workers who became skilled as it was a local job. The quiet, green scenery also encouraged the workers to come to work and increase production. The residential are also provided customers boosting the demand for products and creating a reputation for Shepherd Wheel. Another set of local factors are the resources nearby. For example, wood. There was plentiful supply on the wooded valley slopes for fuel and building. Clay was located by fast flowing rivers, such as the River Loxley and the River Rivelin. It was also located beside the River Porter and was used for lining the millpond to prevent water leaking and a waste of power. Clay also was used to build â€Å"crucible† pots in the Industrial Revolution. Gritstone from the quarries in the Peak District was used for the grinding wheels and maybe used for excess building, such as steps. Another resource was coal nearby. This was located in Eckington, east of Shepherd Wheel. This was used as a key element to make steel. For the other ingredient of steel there was a forge nearby; Forge Dam, which produced Iron for steel. Iron was also located at Eckington. These resources’ being so close decreased transport costs and was a constant source of steel for the blades. A final resource was the good transport links. These helped the products to be sent around Sheffield and England to build up a reputation and also to meet growing demands. Shepherd did not only rely on local factors to be built and run successfully in Bingham Park, but also national factors as well. Shepherd Wheel was built in the right place as shown by the local factors and a description of the site, but also at the right time. It was built before the Industrial Revolution but benefited from this time of innovation and inventions immensely. The Industrial Revolution was a time of innovation and inventions. First, the population increased. This provided an increase in workers. It also provided a higher demand for cutlery as there were more people. This lead to production increases and also demands increased. Second, the population started to demand a higher amount of steel products for jobs and personal use. This meant an increase in production, which gained Shepherd Wheel and Sheffield a bigger reputation. Inventions also aided to success of Shepherd Wheel. There were 3 key pioneers of the steel industry were Abraham Darby, Benjamin Huntsman and Henry Bessemer. Abraham Darby found a way to make steel stronger and of a better quality. This lead to production increase and demand increase. This was because the steel was popular, stronger and purer. The steel was produced for personal use, weapons and the basis of other industries. In 1826, Henry Bessemer invented the â€Å"converter† which made up to 20 times more steel. Also he invented the â€Å"Puddling furnace†, which also increased the steels quality. Benjamin Huntsman also helped by inventing â€Å"Crucible Steel Pots† which produced a lot more steel. By this invention Sheffield could now make its own steel and this cut down on transport costs and exportation costs. It also meant that Sheffield could now reach higher demands for steel. Now that Sheffield could specialize in steel, it became well known over the country. Transport was improved to meet demand better and start to export steel globally. This gained Sheffield an enormous reputation and was officially named â€Å"The Steel City†. To conclude, I have proven and explained that Shepherd Wheel relied on local factors and national factors to be built successfully. I believe thanks to the contribution of all these factors Shepherd Wheel was successful. The most important factors were the River Porter and the Industrial Revolution. These two factors fulfilled the theory Shepherd Wheel being built in the right place and at the right time. Thanks to the inventions from the Industrial Revolution pioneers and the layout of the L-shaped valley and surroundings, Shepherd Wheel and in the future Sheffield became a well known and successful place where good quality steel was produced to meet high demands. How to cite Why was Shepherd Wheel successfully built here?, Papers

Roles and Responsibilities of Human Resource Management Tesco Plc

Questions: Task 1:a) Identification of the approach management adopted by Tesco. Critically examine the difference between human resource management and personnel managementb) Explanation of detailed functions of human resource management, and assess its contribution to organisational objectives c) Evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of line managers in human resource management in the organisation d) The HRM related legislation / legal regulations, and its impact on the HRM processes of the organisation Task 2:a) Analysis of the reasons for HR planning and outline of the stages involved in the HR planning processes in the organisation b) Comparison of the recruitment and selection processes of two organisations and evaluation of the effectiveness of the recruitment and selection techniques Task 3a) Meaning of job evaluation, evaluation the process of job evaluation and other factors determining pay used within the organisation b) Examination of different methods that the organisations use to monitor the performance of employees c) Assessment of the effectiveness of the reward systems in place in the organisation and also assessment of the link between reward and motivational theories Task 4a) Identification of the reasons those could cease employment within the organisation and details of the legislation / regulation framework that can have impact on the employment cessation arrangements in organisation b) Explanation on the employment exit procedures used by the two business organizations Answers: Task 1: a) Identification of the approach management adopted by Tesco. Critically examine the difference between human resource management and personnel management Tesco is not only one of the leading retailers of UK but also, a well diversified business group which is also conducting other forms of business operations. Thus, to talk of the Tesco group it is considered to be a wide extensive group and has employed more the 300000 people only within the domestic range of UK. The organizational culture has been developed on the philosophy that the company wants to give its best to the customers as well as to the entire team employed by Tesco. Ranging from the staff level employee to any senior managerial employee, all are equally treated and the company is trying to provide the best that it can for its people. Therefore, from the approach adopted by Tesco, towards the employee management reflects the qualities of human resource management approach. Moreover, Tesco has always valued the aspects of working as the team in the organization. The human resource team management team of the company is working continuously as; they believe everyone should benefit from the best support and training we can provide, and aim to develop each to the best of their abilities (People Tesco Careers, 2016). The concepts of human resource management and personnel management are both interrelated from the sense of managing the employees in the workplace in the manner so as to help enhance the productivity of the organization, as the whole. However, there are some differences between the two management concepts. The aspect of human resource management is accounted as the upgraded form of personnel management as opined by (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The human resource management is a much broader management thought as compared to personnel management. As personnel management mainly deals with management of work force and association with the business organization mainly whole, human resource management deals with the proficient management of human asset of the organization and gain greater productivity. The employees of the business are treated as the inputs by the management in the process of personnel management but, human resource recognise the workforce as the business assets. Thus, the human resource management mainly focuses overall strength generation for the purpose to enable the entire force to work for the common goal of the business to meet with the fundamental objectives of the business. Under personnel management the incentive system is followed for completing more tasks by the employees. However, under the human resource management system the leaders aim for motivating the entire workforce so as to help develop the overall performance of the organization, in terms of profitability and value (Alvesson Willmott, 2012). The jobs and tasks are designated to employees depending on the division of the labour but, in human resource management the different teams and groups are considered as the base job designing. The human resource management proceeds with the strategic out look while, the personnel management deals with the management workforce on the daily basis in the organization. b) Explanation of detailed functions of human resource management, and assess its contribution to organisational objectives The human resource management team of Tesco is working with underlying philosophy of integrating the entire work force in the way to help develop the overall performance of the Tesco group. In Tesco there are different level HR managers who are performing the various roles and delegating their respective duties in managing the work force and promoting the concept of team work. Working as the team is one of the main principles based on which the functioning of the HR management has been framed (Aguinis, 2009). Further, Tesco has always laid emphasis on continuous training and development of the employees, something which they take very seriously and they also believe that development is the gateway to opportunities. Therefore, the continuous training help educate the work force leading to skill development of the employees and this is also directly boosting up the performance of the Tesco in different sectors of business in UK. Thus, the human resource strategies framed by Tescos mana gement group are instrumental with the overall goal attainment objectives. Moreover, Tesco has launched the program decades back that the HR management team try to get feedback from the employee staffs, to assess the thinking of the people working with the organization and about their expectation from the company. Therefore, the HR strategies are also framed based on the feedback of the staffs and Tesco also make sure of the fact that the employees should have a clear idea of the business with which they are working. All such efforts are made focusing on strengthening the relationship between the company and employees and promote mutual understanding and respect (Tesco Report, 2012). Tesco has always followed the consumer centric approach and the functioning of the human resource management of the company has been shaped in the manner that employees also imbibe the same philosophy in them. c) Evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of line managers in human resource management in the organisation The line managers of Tesco are responsible for managing employees by the way of directly interacting with them on the daily basis. The line managers of the organization are responsible for carrying out the daily operations of the business by the way of delegating the tasks to the employees, maintaining regulations and get the tasks done by the employees. The line managers are also known as the immediate managers in the business organization and they have ample responsibilities ranging from planning the daily tasks to interacting with the employees and motivate them to execute the task in the most efficient manner (Bamberger, et al., 2014). In this company the line managers are playing a pivotal role and they are acting as the representative of the entire human resource management team of the organization. Apart from administering the daily operations of the organization the line managers are also responsible for conducting the interviews and they also take care of the following duties after the interview process. In Tesco the line managers and along with other panel managers have the responsibility to organize for the training and development secessions for the different groups of the employees. Moreover, the duty performance measurement of the employees is also executed by the line managers. As they are given with the authority of performance measurement and take the respective actions based on the outcome and rules of the organization thus, they are considered to be the power house organizing and managing the work force. d) The HRM related legislation / legal regulations, and its impact on the HRM processes of the organisation There are number of legislative rules under UK employment law that the HRM teams of the business organizations need to consider while formulating the operations of the human resource management in the process of business. Similarly, in Tesco also the HR managers have also frame the HR policies in accordance with laws and regulations. The employment protection is one of the major areas that directly influence the process of HR policy development by Tesco (Tesco.com, 2016). Meeting with the health and safety requirements of the employees is one of the primary factors to be adhered by Tesco and other organizations operating in UK, as per the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, has ensured the well being of employees in every organization. If the employer fails to meet with the requirement the company would be penalised for such failure and disobeying the law. Then maintaining the equality rules is another primary concern for Tesco and other organizations as; discrimination at the workplace on any ground is an unlawful act. Owing to intensity of the matter the Equality Act 2010 has been enforced by law in order to protect the employees from being discriminated in the workplace. Accordingly the compliance of this rule by the UK business organizations is equally important in order to continue with the smooth operations of the business (Berkes, 2009). From the HR management approach this is evident that Tesco has been following these rules and regulations precisely in respect to health and safety, promoting equality at workplace and also other related legislations. The compliance of the same is accounted to be another reason that has helped the organization to develop such wider based of employees. Task 2: a) Analysis of the reasons for HR planning and outline of the stages involved in the HR planning processes in the organisation There are ample reasons for which the HR planning process is conducted by the organizational managers but, the main reason is to the make the effective utilization of the human assets present in the business organization. The human resource is recruited by the organizations in order to meet with the objective of requirement of work force in the business and planning acts like a tool that help the organizational managers meet with the desired objective and goals of the business. Planning is the base of mobilizing and managing the entire work force (Bratton Gold, 2012). By the way of HR planning the organizational leaders are able to manage the human resource in the most organized and systematic manner and this also helps the managers to make the process of management to be more flexible and responsive in nature. The planning is must for the purpose to ensure the continued operations of the company for the longer run as; managing the availability of manpower for the present as well as for the future is ensured from effective planning (Lewis, et al., 2011). Moreover, selecting the best suited person for the job is another essential duty which is to be met by the HR managers and planning helps them to select the best suited talent for the organization. The planning process assists the managers in identifying the skill requirement of the work force and thus, organizes training and development programs as per the need and requirements. The HR planning process in Tesco takes place in the precise and constructive manner and the following certain key steps and measures. In the initial level the fundamental objective of the business is ascertained in order to set the direction and objective of planning the process. Then the present resource of the organization is evaluated in terms of their performance, ability and skills based on the human resource data storage and records. Then the managers of Tesco are able to analyze whether the present source is adequate in meeting with the requirements of the business or they would need for manpower (Cascio Boudreau, 2010). In case of any further requirement of human resource owing to ever growing approach of Tesco, the HR manager plans out the interview process and try to accommodate candidates for the jib role from the available sources. Then after appointing the required workforce in the organization they plan out for their training and development programs. Thus, the process goes on in the organization and in the process of planning the HR strategies and policies are also taken into consideration for the effective formulation and functioning. b) Comparison of the recruitment and selection processes of two organisations and evaluation of the effectiveness of the recruitment and selection techniques The recruitment and selection processes of Tesco and ASDA have been analyzed in the following. The recruitment and selection process of Tesco involves a number of stages and the entire process has been framed by the organizational leaders of Tesco in the challenging manner owing to some key reasons. The main reason of following a challenging process is to ensure that the HR managers are able to select the best suited candidate for the job and would fit with the culture Tesco. Initially the screening process takes place where the applications forms are evaluated by the panel managers and after passing the screening test and on passing the same the candidates are called for the next level. In the immediate level a Psychometric test is conducted where the candidate is asked a number of questions to assess the potentials, communication skill, strengths, weakness and numerical ability and attitude (Tesco.com, 2016). Then the senior managers would take the charge and a structured interview is conducted, following to this a number of presentations is provided to the candidate in order to help the individual to assess operations of the company. Further the candidate is allowed to meet with some of the members of team and allowed to ask questions so that the candidate would be able to know the work culture in Tesco. Finally, another day the candidate would be sent to the assessment centre and four selectors would be there to judge the team of eight candidates and thus, the most able candidate is selected. In ADSA the selection process takes place from registering applications through online recruitment system of the company. The HR team of ASDA makes their selection for the right candidates and then final assessment process or the interview is conducted. In the process of registering detailing with personal specification and job explanation is essential for allocation. Then the candidates would be given the chance to display their skills and abilities in ASDA Reality as the assessment centre (Asda, 2016). Thus, the two organizations are carrying on with the recruitment processes. This is to mention here that both the leading retailers of UK are following, more or less a similar way yet, the recruitment and selection process in ASDA is much simpler as compared to Tesco. However, the selection process of Tesco is more effective. Task 3 a) Meaning of job evaluation, evaluation the process of job evaluation and other factors determining pay used within the organisation The job evaluation is the process of analyzing the different jobs roles in the organization and based on which the value or worth is ascertained. The skills required for the job and its magnitude for the business and society decide the worth mainly in monetary term. Thus, from the view of business the employment cost or pay is decided, that the company is liable to pay for the particular service provided by the employee for executing a particular job. In simple terms job evaluation is the process to decide on the wages and salaries of the employees in the organization (Cummings Worley, 2014). In Tesco the skills and qualification required for the particular job forms to be the basis of deciding the pay and also the industry standards are also considered. Further the incentive and appraisals are also provided based on the performances of the employees and thus, the pay policies of the company are decided. b) Examination of different methods that the organisations use to monitor the performance of employees Monitoring employees performance has been one of the primary practices conducted by the HR managers in order to manage the performance of human assets and thus, strengthen the overall performance of the business. In case of Tesco in some of the departments the score card system is followed so as to measure the improvements made by the employees (Dessler, 2009). Another method used by the company is the feedback system from the consumers about their in store experience and hospitality of the staffs towards the consumers are all evaluated from time to time in order to monitor the performance of the employees. The employees performance monitoring processes of ASDA is almost similar to Tesco, however, the company is also using the 360 degree assessment system and are also providing their employees with the self monitoring tools. Under the process of 360 degree evaluation a series of sources are used for analyzing the performance of the employees such as, from the line manager, peer reviews and other subordinates. This method is considered to be the overall performance management method (Flamholtz, 2012). The self monitoring tools are provided to the employees with the help of which the employees are able to monitor their own performances on the daily basis and based on the outcomes they are able to upgrade their performances. c) Assessment of the effectiveness of the reward systems in place in the organisation and also assessment of the link between reward and motivational theories The use of reward system in the business organizations is considered to be an effective way of boosting up the morale of employees by the way of recognizing their efforts through providing rewards. The rewarding system has been recognized as the key of gaining employee satisfaction and motivates the employees to perform better. The rewarding system is considered to be one of the traditional management practices followed by the HR managers as; the reward system symbolizes the effort made the company to recognise and appraise the contribution of the employee to the business growth. Similarly, in Tesco also the HR managers are offering different rewards based on the policy and culture of the organization. The rewarding system is mainly used for encouraging the employees to perform better and help in the firm to enhance the employee retention ratio (Gatewood, et al., 2010). Further, it has been mentioned in the traditional theory of Maslows and Herzberg that rewarding system acts like additional incentives which is used by the organizational leaders to gain employees involvement. Moreover, taking into account the growth of competitions in the retail market of UK the firms are thriving hard to outperform the market, this is where the organizations need the full support and assistance of the employees to help the firm to meet with the such objectives and thus, gain competitive edge (Gilmore Williams, 2009). Therefore, the reward system is directly associated with the goals attainment factors of the business. In Tesco the different forms of rewards are offered to the employees in cash as well as in kind, depending on the situation, policies and culture of the organization. The rewarding system has been recognized as the way of fostering positive relationship between the company and its workforce, as considered by the organizational leaders of Tesco. Task 4 a) Identification of the reasons those could cease employment within the organisation and details of the legislation / regulation framework that can have impact on the employment cessation arrangements in organisation There are number of reasons which can result in the cessation of employment in the organization such as, expiration of employment period with the organization, on the disciplinary grounds, under performance, death of the employee and also if the employee wants to leave the organization. There are number of reasons of cease employment but, there are also laws and regulations which are being framed so as to safeguard the interests of the employee as well as of the business organization in the process (Harzing Pinnington, 2010). Whatever may be the reason but there should be a proper way to be followed and in case of Tesco the company is following the employment laws of UK and mainly the Employment Right Act 1996 and the set of labour laws are mainly adhered. If the company ceases the employment of any employee in the unfair manner the company would be penalized by the law and also the employee cannot terminate the employment deal without any proper reason. Both the parties need to follow the minimum notice period as conditioned in the employment latter of the company. This the right of both the parties to provide the notice period and the notice period is also determined by the law as per section 86 and 87 under Employment Rights Act 1996. Therefore, the ground of dismissal should be based on the viable factors and following the guidelines provided by law (Employment Rights Act 1996, 2016). In case of any negligence or disobeying of law might endanger the reputation of the organization, resulting in lawsuits from the end of employee. Similarly, there are certain obligatory factors which are to be met by the employee as; set by articulated by UK law under Employment Act. b) Explanation on the employment exit procedures used by the two business organizations From the general view point mainly the resignation mainly comes from the end of employees expecting the cases of dismissal of employees on the disciplinary grounds and lack of performance. After the notice served from the end of the employee for resignation, initially the company follows the method of retaining and provide options of salary increments and compensations. Despite, the option if the employee decides to leave then the employee would have to face an exit interview process with the store and personal manager of Tesco and then the person would be provided with all the required paper works and documents and also clearing all the payment dues of the person and arrangement of the pension fund (Guest, 2011). The employee too needs to return the identity card with a seal of company and in case any uniform provided by the company. Thus, the exit procedure takes place on the mutual ground. A standard norm or process is followed by the companies as the exit procedure; therefore, AS DA is also following an equivalent exit procedure like Tesco, conforming to the legal guidelines. References Aguinis, H. (2009).Performance management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Alvesson, M., Willmott, H. (2012).Making sense of management: A critical introduction. Sage. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. 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